Ke kumu a me nā loli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka rapa maka

He elasticity maikaʻi ko ka rapa, akā he paʻakikī nui kēia waiwai makamae i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻemi mua ʻia ka elasticity o ka rapa maka, hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ikehu mechanical i ka deformation elastic i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano i makemake ʻia. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana hana rapa kekahi mau koi no ka plasticity o ka rapa maka, e like me ke kāwili ʻana, kahi e koi pinepine ai i ka viscosity Mooney ma kahi o 60, a me ka holoi ʻana i ka rapa, kahi e koi ai i ka viscosity Mooney ma kahi o 40, A i ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana maʻalahi. He paʻakikī loa kekahi mau mea hoʻopili maka, he viscosity kiʻekiʻe, a nele i nā waiwai kumu a me nā mea pono - plasticity maikaʻi. I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o ke kaʻina hana, pono e plasticated ka rapa maka e ʻoki i ke kaulahao molekala a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha molekala ma lalo o nā hana mechanical, thermal, kemika a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. He hui plastic e nalowale ana kona elasticity no kekahi manawa a lilo i palupalu a malleable. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka rapa maka ke kumu o nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka rapa maka: ʻo ka mea mua, e loaʻa i kahi kekelē o ka plasticity no ka rapa maka, e kūpono ai no ka hui ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana, ka extrusion, ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka vulcanization, a me nā koi o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka slurry rubber a me ka hana ʻana i ka rapa huʻa; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka homogenize i ka plasticity o ka rapa maka i mea e hana ai i kahi mea rapa me ke ʻano like.
Ma hope o ka plasticizing, loli pū nā ʻano kino a me nā kemika o ka rapa maka. Ma muli o ka ikaika mechanical a me ka oxidation, e loli ke ʻano molekala a me ke kaumaha molekala o ka rapa i kekahi ʻano, no laila e loli pū nā ʻano kino a me nā kemika. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka emi ʻana o ka elasticity, ka piʻi ʻana o ka plasticity, ka piʻi ʻana o ka solubility, ka emi ʻana o ka viscosity o ka hopena rapa, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana adhesive o ka mea rapa. Akā i ka piʻi ʻana o ka plasticity o ka rapa maka, emi ka ikaika mechanical o ka rapa vulcanized, piʻi ka deformation mau loa, a emi iho ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu a me ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule. No laila, ʻo ka plasticization o ka rapa maka he pono wale nō ia no ke kaʻina hana rapa, a ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hana o ka rapa vulcanized.